Plymouth Colony
These Mayflower people are through Sarah Studevant Leavitte1797-1878. She is my 4th. Great grandmother. Wife of Jeremiah Leavitt, 2nd., 1793-1846.
Sarah Studevant . Mother, was Priscilla Thompson 1760-1842, through whom the 4 Mayflower, Plymouth people are our ancestors. They come through my mother, Lulu Hunt, her mother Clarissa Truman, her mother Mary Jane Hunt, her father Jeremiah Leavitt 3rd. His mother Sarah Studevant, her mother Priscilla Thompson.
Priscilla Thompson, her mother Lydia Wood, her mother Mary Billington, her Father Isaac Billington, his father was Francis Billington,. who was on the Mayflower with his father John Billington of the mayflower, ( He was hanged for murder at Plymouth colony, the first person executed.)
Lydia Woods father Elnathan Wood, his mother Abijah Bowen, her mother was Elizabeth Brewster, her father was Jonathan Brewster, of the Mayflower. His father was william Brewster (1560-1627).
Priscilla Thompson, father John Thompson, his father Shubeal Tomson, his father John Thompson, his wife, was Mary Cook, her father was Francis Cook, of the Mayflower.
Shubeal Thomson mother was Mary Tinkham, her mother was Mary Brown, her father was Peter Brown, of the Mayflower.
William Brewster , Peter Browne, , Francis_Cooke, Francis Billington , John Billington,
William Brewster (pilgrim)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see William Brewster (pilgrim) (disambiguation).
William Brewster
An imaginary likeness of William Brewster. There is no known portrait of him from life.
Born William Brewster
c. 1560
Scrooby, Nottinghamshire or Doncaster, Yorkshire, England
Died April 10, 1644 (aged 83– 84)
Duxbury, Massachusetts, USA
Nationality English Subject
Known for Pilgrim
Religion Separatist
Spouse(s) Mary Brewster
Children Jonathan Brewster
Patience Brewster Prence
Fear Brewster Allerton
Love Brewster
Wrestling Brewster
Parents William Brewster
Mary Smythe
Elder William Brewster ©. 1566 – April 10, 1644) was a Pilgrim colonist leader and preacher born in Doncaster, England and raised in Scrooby, in north Nottinghamshire, who reached what became the Plymouth Colony in the Mayflower in 1620. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. Son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the Anne
William Brewster ©. 1566 – April 10, 1644) was a Pilgrim colonist leader and preacher born in Doncaster, England and raised in Scrooby, in north Nottinghamshire, who reached what became the Plymouth Colony in the Mayflower in 1620. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. Son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the Anne.
Contents [hide]
He was born probably at Doncaster, Yorkshire, England, circa 1566/1567, although no birth records have been found, [1][2][3][4][5] and died at Plymouth, Massachusetts on April 10, 1644 around 9 or 10pm.[1][2][3][4][5] He was the son of William Brewster and Mary (Smythe) (Simkinson) and he had a number of half-siblings. His paternal grandparents were William Brewster and Maud Mann. His maternal grandfather
John Billington and his family, which included his son Francis, came on the Mayflower and landed at Plymouth Ma. in 1620. see story in notes for Francis. John was one of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower
In September 1630, after a heated argument over hunting rights, Billington fatally shot fellow colonist John Newcomen in the shoulder with a blunderbuss. After counseling with Governor John Winthrop, Governor William Bradford concluded that capital punishment was the necessary penalty. Billington was convicted of murder and hanged at Plymouth, Massachusetts. The inland pond known as Billington Sea was named after his son, Francis
FRANCIS BILLINGTON
As a young teenager, Francis Billington accompanied his mother Eleanor, his father John and his older brother (also) John to Plymouth on the Mayflower.
While anchored off Cape Cod, Francis shot off squibs (enough powder to make a bang), in the cabin of the Mayflower and almost set the ship on fire, opened kegs of gunpowder was in the cabin when they shot off the squib. Another story from the 17th century records relates how Francis climbed a tall tree and saw a great sea. After a closer look, it turned out to be a large pond (called Billington Sea today).
Francis Billington married Christian Penn Eaton, KNHB-K3H widow of Mayflower passenger Francis Eaton. They had 9 children. The Billington children were at one point taken away from the Billingtons and sent to live with other families (see the 17th century records for details).
Francis Cooke and his cousin Robert at Plymouth colony in 1621, having been left behind with 20 others when the Mayflower's sailing mate, the Speedwell , foundered and returned to port in England leaving the Mayflower to sail alone. Philippe is the progenitor of branch the Delano family from which Franklin Delano Roosevelt descends.
While in Leiden, Francis and Hester were members of the Walloon church. In 1606 , they left Leiden briefly for Norwich, England, where they joined another Walloon church, returning to Leiden in 1607 , possibly for religious reasons. Between 1611 and 1618 , the Cookes were members of the Pilgrim Separatist congregation in Leiden.
In 1620, Francis and son John embarked on the Mayflower, leaving Hester and their younger children behind to follow when the colony was established.
Arriving at what is now Provincetown, Mass. , on Nov. 11 (Nov. 21, new-style calendar), 41 of the passengers, among them Francis Cooke, signed the Mayflower Compact as the boat lay at anchor.
Francis Cooke died in 1663 in Plymouth . In 1651, fellow Pilgrim William Bradford wrote of him: "Francis Cooke is still living, a very old man, and hath seen his children's children have children. After his wife came over with other of his children; he hath three still living by her, all married and have five children, so their increase is eight. And his son John which came over with him is married, and hath four children living."
United States Presidents George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, and Franklin D. Roosevelt are direct descendants of Francis Cooke.
Retrieved from "<http://en.wikipedia.org/wik Francis_Cooke >"
Francis Cook came ofer on the mayflower to help establish Plymouth colony. Frances was one of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower
Lieut. John Thompson, 1616-1696, was born in the North of Wales and came to Plymouth at the age of five with his mother and step-father, whose name is unknown, John's father having died in Wales when his son was an infant. This family emigrated from England in the third embarkation, one of the two Thomas Weston ships which brought sixty or seventy men, some of them with families. The passengers on these ships are not reckoned as Pilgrim Fathers, and one of the historians who calls them "a brawling profane crowd," intimates that their motives were not of the same high religious order as those which actuated the Pilgrims of the Mayflower, the Fortune, and the Anne. However this may be, our little John Thompson grew up among the Pilgrim Fathers, and married one of their daughters, Mary Cooke, and his future history shows that he was made of the same religious stuff that they were, and had imbibed their stern integrity. The Separatist movement was working in Wales at this period, and this fact probably accounts for the coming of John Thompson's family to Plymouth in 1621.
John became a carpenter and with Richard Church built the first framed meeting-house in Plymouth, for which service they were obliged to sue the colony for payment. John finally accepted land in payment, as ready money was then so scarce. After a short sojourn in Sandwich, John bought from Westasquin, Sachem of the Neponsets, about 6,000 acres of land in Middleboro, a tract said to have been five miles long, and from which eventually more than a hundred farms were carved. No wonder that it is stated in the records, that the boundary between Rochester and Middleboro was to be decided with "the Tomsons and others."
The selection of the site of John's first home in Middleboro was in the following manner. One noon time, being thirsty when working alone in a field, he followed to its source in a spring a brook that had a few fish in it. By this spring be built a log house about twenty rods from what was then the Plymouth, but later the Halifax boundary line. The early settlers frequently, as in this case, built their homes in secluded spots, in order to take advantage of some natural water supply, as they had no tools for digging wells, other than wooden shovels bound with iron. This log house was destined to be burned down by hostile Indians at the outbreak of King Philip's war in 1775.
PETER BROWN CAME ON THE MAYFLOWER TO HELP ESTABLISH PLYMOUTH COLONY. He was one of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower
Dorking, shown here in modern times, is where Peter Browne probably began his life in 1594.
Peter Browne was probably born in January 1594 in Dorking, Surrey, England[1] to William Browne.[1][2] He was baptized in the local parish on January 26, 1594.[2] While his brothers John (who joined him in 1632 in Plymouth Colony), Samuel, and James became weavers[2], his vocation is believed to have been a carpenter, machinist, or similar.[3] In 1619 or 1620 he was likely enlisted by William Mullins, as part of the "London contingent," whose trades and skills were necessary for the voyage of the Mayflower and the Speedwell and the creation of the colony.[4]
On September 6, 1620, Peter Browne boarded the Mayflower at Southampton, Hampshire, England.[4][1] With 102 fellow Mayflower passengers and crew, he intended to travel to "the Northern parts of Virginia" and establish an English colony near the mouth of the Hudson River.[4] Due to severe weather conditions, the ship was forced to anchor off of Cape Cod, where the first disembarkation occurred and where the Pilgrims determined to bind themselves as a democratically governed and administered colony loyal to England through the signing of the Mayflower Compact by all eligible men on behalf of themselves, their families, and their fortunes and property.[4] Peter Browne was one of the 41 men who signed it on November 11, 1620.[4]
was Thomas Smythe.
Plymouth, Boston, and New York, Colonies
When I, (Truman Hebdon) started reading,, Sarah Studevant Leavitt’s journal I read the following passage, which pricked my mind that caused me to eventually look at, Sarah’s genealogy. She wrote,
"I was born in the town of Lime, county of Grafton, New Hampshire (date torn off] and am now 76 years, seven months and 15 days old. My father was Lemuel Studevant and my mother was Priscilla Tompson. My parents were very Strict with their children, being descendants of the old pilgrims. They taught them every principle of truth and honor as they understood it themselves"
These Mayflower people are through Sarah Studevant Leavitte 1797-1878. She is my (Truman Hebdon) 4th. Great grandmother. Wife of Jeremiah Leavitt, 2nd., 1793-1846.
Sarah Studevant . Mother, was Priscilla Thompson 1760-1842, through whom the 4 Mayflower, Plymouth people are our ancestors. They come through my mother, Lulu Hunt, her mother Clarissa Truman, her mother Mary Jane Hunt, her father Jeremiah Leavitt 3rd. His mother Sarah Studevant, her mother Priscilla Thompson.
Sarah Studevant Leavittes mother was Priscilla Thompson, her mother Lydia Wood, her mother Mary Billington, her Father Isaac Billington, his father was Francis Billington, who was on the Mayflower with his father John Billington of the Mayflower, ( He was hanged for murder at Plymouth colony, the first person executed.)
Lydia Wood (6th. Great Grandmother), father, Elnathan Wood, his mother Abijah Bowen, her mother was Elizabeth Brewster, my (9th Great Grandmother), her father was Jonathan Brewster, of the Mayflower. His father was William Brewster of the Mayflower ( (1560-1627). My 12 th. Great Grandfather.
Priscilla Thompson, my (5th. Great grandmother), her father was John Thompson, his father Shubeal Tomson, his father John Thompson, his wife, was Mary Cook, her father was Francis Cook, 10 th. Great-Grandfather, of the Mayflower.
Shubeal Thomson, mother was Mary Tinkham, her mother was Mary Brown, her father was Peter Brown, of the Mayflower.
William Brewster 12 th. Great Grandfather., Peter Browne, 10 Great Grandfather , Francis_Cooke, 10 th. Grandfather, Francis Billington , my 9th. Great Grandfather, John Billington, my 10 Great Grandfather.
William Brewster (pilgrim)
Elder William Brewster ©. 1566 – April 10, 1644) was a Pilgrim colonist leader and preacher born in Doncaster, England and raised in Scrooby, in north Nottinghamshire, who reached what became the Plymouth Colony in the Mayflower in 1620. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. Son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the Anne
William Brewster ©. 1566 – April 10, 1644) was a Pilgrim colonist leader and preacher born in Doncaster, England and raised in Scrooby, in north Nottinghamshire, who reached what became the Plymouth Colony in the Mayflower in 1620. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. Son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the Anne.
Contents [hide]
He was born probably at Doncaster, Yorkshire, England, circa 1566/1567, although no birth records have been found, and died at Plymouth, Massachusetts on April 10, 1644 around 9 or 10pm. He was the son of William Brewster and Mary (Smythe) (Simkinson) and he had a number of half-siblings. His paternal grandparents were William Brewster and Maud Mann. His maternal grandfather John Billington and his family, which included his son Francis, came on the Mayflower and landed at Plymouth Ma. in 1620. see story in notes for Francis. John was one of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower
In September 1630, after a heated argument over hunting rights, Billington fatally shot fellow colonist John Newcomen in the shoulder with a blunderbuss. After counseling with Governor John Winthrop, Governor William Bradford concluded that capital punishment was the necessary penalty. Billington was convicted of murder and hanged at Plymouth, Massachusetts. The inland pond known as Billington Sea was named after his son, Francis
FRANCIS BILLINGTON
As a young teenager, Francis Billington accompanied his mother Eleanor, his father John and his older brother (also) John to Plymouth on the Mayflower.
While anchored off Cape Cod, Francis shot off squibs (enough powder to make a bang), in the cabin of the Mayflower and almost set the ship on fire, opened kegs of gunpowder was in the cabin when they shot off the squib. Another story from the 17th century records relates how Francis climbed a tall tree and saw a great sea. After a closer look, it turned out to be a large pond (called Billington Sea today).
Francis Billington married Christian Penn Eaton, KNHB-K3H widow of Mayflower passenger Francis Eaton. They had 9 children. The Billington children were at one point taken away from the Billingtons and sent to live with other families (see the 17th century records for details).
Francis Cooke and his cousin Robert at Plymouth colony in 1621, having been left behind with 20 others when the Mayflower's sailing mate, the Speedwell , foundered and returned to port in England leaving the Mayflower to sail alone. Philippe is the progenitor of branch the Delano family from which Franklin Delano Roosevelt descends.
While in Leiden, Francis and Hester were members of the Walloon church. In 1606i/1606>, they left Leiden briefly for Norwich, England, where they joined another Walloon church, returning to Leiden in 1607, possibly for religious reasons. Between 1611 and 1618, the Cookes were members of the Pilgrim Separatist congregation in Leiden.
In 1620, Francis and son John embarked on the Mayflower, leaving Hester and their younger children behind to follow when the colony was established.
Arriving at what is now Provincetown, Mass. , on Nov. 11 (Nov. 21, new-style calendar), 41 of the passengers, among them Francis Cooke, signed the Mayflower Compact as the boat lay at anchor.
Francis Cooke died in 1663 in Plymouth_Massachusetts. In 1651, fellow Pilgrim William Bradford </wiki/William_Bradford_%281590-1657%29> wrote of him: "Francis Cooke is still living, a very old man, and hath seen his children's children have children. After his wife came over with other of his children; he hath three still living by her, all married and have five children, so their increase is eight. And his son John which came over with him is married, and hath four children living."
United States Presidents George H. W. Bush , George W. Bush, and Franklin D. Roosevelt are direct descendants of Francis Cooke.
Other famous descendants of Francis Cooke include Cephas Thompson (artist), William D. Washburn (1831) Representative and Senator from Minnesota, Mrs. Anna Mary Robertson ("Grandma Moses"), Orson Welles, Julia Child and Abel Head "Shanghai" Pierce (Texas cattleman that introduced the Brahman cattle breed into Texas).
Retrieved from "<http://en.wikipedia.org/wik Francis_Cooke </wiki/Category:Mayflower_passengers> | Bush family </wiki/Category:Bush_family>
Francis Cook came ofer on the mayflower to help establish Plymouth colony. Frances was one of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower
Lieut. John Thompson, 1616-1696, was born in the North of Wales and came to Plymouth at the age of five with his mother and step-father, whose name is unknown, John's father having died in Wales when his son was an infant. This family emigrated from England in the third embarkation, one of the two Thomas Weston ships which brought sixty or seventy men, some of them with families. The passengers on these ships are not reckoned as Pilgrim Fathers, and one of the historians who calls them "a brawling profane crowd," intimates that their motives were not of the same high religious order as those which actuated the Pilgrims of the Mayflower, the Fortune, and the Anne. However this may be, our little John Thompson grew up among the Pilgrim Fathers, and married one of their daughters, Mary Cooke, and his future history shows that he was made of the same religious stuff that they were, and had imbibed their stern integrity. The Separatist movement was working in Wales at this period, and this fact probably accounts for the coming of John Thompson's family to Plymouth in 1621.
John became a carpenter and with Richard Church built the first framed meeting-house in Plymouth, for which service they were obliged to sue the colony for payment. John finally accepted land in payment, as ready money was then so scarce. After a short sojourn in Sandwich, John bought from Westasquin, Sachem of the Neponsets, about 6,000 acres of land in Middleboro, a tract said to have been five miles long, and from which eventually more than a hundred farms were carved. No wonder that it is stated in the records, that the boundary between Rochester and Middleboro was to be decided with "the Tomsons and others."
The selection of the site of John's first home in Middleboro was in the following manner. One noon time, being thirsty when working alone in a field, he followed to its source in a spring a brook that had a few fish in it. By this spring be built a log house about twenty rods from what was then the Plymouth, but later the Halifax boundary line. The early settlers frequently, as in this case, built their homes in secluded spots, in order to take advantage of some natural water supply, as they had no tools for digging wells, other than wooden shovels bound with iron. This log house was destined to be burned down by hostile Indians at the outbreak of King Philip's war in 1775.
PETER BROWN CAME ON THE MAYFLOWER TO HELP ESTABLISH PLYMOUTH COLONY. He was one of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower
Dorking, shown here in modern times, is where Peter Browne probably began his life in 1594.
Peter Browne was probably born in January 1594 in Dorking, Surrey, England[1] to William Browne.[1][2] He was baptized in the local parish on January 26, 1594.[2] While his brothers John (who joined him in 1632 in Plymouth Colony), Samuel, and James became weavers[2], his vocation is believed to have been a carpenter, machinist, or similar.[3] In 1619 or 1620 he was likely enlisted by William Mullins, as part of the "London contingent," whose trades and skills were necessary for the voyage of the Mayflower and the Speedwell and the creation of the colony.[4]
On September 6, 1620, Peter Browne boarded the Mayflower at Southampton, Hampshire, England.[4][1] With 102 fellow Mayflower passengers and crew, he intended to travel to "the Northern parts of Virginia" and establish an English colony near the mouth of the Hudson River.[4] Due to severe weather conditions, the ship was forced to anchor off of Cape Cod, where the first disembarkation occurred and where the Pilgrims determined to bind themselves as a democratically governed and administered colony loyal to England through the signing of the Mayflower Compact by all eligible men on behalf of themselves, their families, and their fortunes and property.[4] Peter Browne was one of the 41 men who signed it on November 11, 1620.[4]
Sarah Studevant Leavitt’s husband, Jeremiah Leavitt II’s, great- great- grandfather, was Joseph Leavitt. His mother was Dorothy Dudley. Her father was Rev. Samuel Dudley whose father was Governor Thomas Dudley. Dorothy Dudley’s mother was Mary Winthrop, her father was Thomas Dudley
Thomas Dudley
NOTE: this article is written by Bill Kauffman, who also provided the new pictures of Robert. I extend thanks to him, and hope he will be a regular contributor. God bless you.
Thomas Dudley, the only son of Capt. Roger Dudley and Susanna Thorne, was born in 1576 at Northampton, England. On March 14, 1590, when he was fourteen years old, his father was killed at the Battle of Ivery, leaving Thomas and his sister orphans, as their mother had died previously.
Thomas inherited 500 pounds from his father and was raised as a page in the family of Lord Compton, Earl of Northampton. Afterwards, he became a clerk to his maternal kinsman, Judge Nichols, thus obtaining some knowledge of the law, which proved to be of great service to him in his later life. Also, while still in his minority, he was trained in Latin by a "Mrs. Purefoy", who was probably his maternal grandmother, Mary Purefoy. All in all, he gained a competent education and was able to understand any Latin author as well as most educated people of his time.
In 1596, at the age of twenty, Thomas received a Captain's commission in the army. According to Cotton Mather, "the young sparks about Northampton were none of them willing to enter into the service until a commission was given to our young Dudley to be their Captain, and thus presently there were four-score that listed under him." Thomas and his company of volunteers went to France and fought on the side of Henry IV, King of France, at the siege of Amiens in 1597.
On the conclusion of peace in 1597, Thomas returned to England, settled at Northampton and became acquainted with Dod, Hildersham and other Puritan leaders and himself became a Puritan. In 1603, he married Dorothy Yorke, daughter of Edmonde Yorke, yeoman, of Cotton End, Northamptonshire. She was described by Cotton Mather as "a gentlewoman both of good estate and good extraction." By her he had five children. During the period from about 1600 to 1630, Thomas was steward (manager of estates) to Theophilus, Earl of Lincoln, who had been deep in debt prior to Thomas' stewardship. After only a few years of management by Thomas, however, the Earl was out of debt and was prospering. Also, during this period, Thomas became acquainted with John Cotton, renowned minister of Boston, Lincolnshire (and later of Boston, MA). The Puritans were considered by many political leaders and by the Church of England to be a threat and were subjected to substantial persecution. During the 1620's, relations between the Church of England and the Puritans worsened. Continuing pressure led to a decision by a large group of Puritans to emigrate to New England.
In 1629, Thomas Dudley was one of the signers of the agreement to form the Massachusetts Bay Company. On Oct. 20, 1629, in the city of London, he was chosen one of the five officers to come to America with the Royal Charter.
The Massachusetts Bay Company was essentially similar to any other trading company of the time, except that its members had managed to obtain possession of the company charter, or patent, and thus could take it with them to the New World. With possession of the patent that established their rights and privileges, they could control their own government and elect their own magistrates. The group elected John Winthrop governor and Thomas Dudley deputy governor in October 1629.
It is difficult to understand Thomas Dudley's decision to leave England for the unknown shores of North America. In England he had friends, position and prosperity. But he decided to leave all this behind. Apparently, the pressures of persecution were so great that he was virtually forced to leave England or give up his religious convictions.
In 1630, Thomas and his wife and children sailed to New England with the Winthrop Fleet, a group of eleven vessels carrying 700 passengers. The Dudley family was on the flagship, the Arbella. The Fleet left England in the Spring and arrived in Salem in June. Not approving of Salem as the capital, John Winthrop ordered the fleet south along the coast to Charlestown, ultimately settling at Newtown. Before leaving England, Winthrop had been elected governor and Thomas Dudley deputy-governor. Many of those who came with Winthrop separated and founded Roxbury, Lynn, Medford, Cambridge and Watertown. According to Thomas Dudley, about 200 of the emigrants died the first year in New England.
A somewhat violent disagreement between Dudley and Winthrop, the first of many owing to Dudley's touchy and over-bearing temper, occurred when Winthrop abandoned the chosen settlement and moved to Boston. Dudley subsequently moved to Ipswich but after a short time, in order to be nearer the seat of government, settled at Roxbury. He built on the west side of Smelt Brook, just across the watering place, at the foot of the hill where the road that runs up to the First Church joins the Town Street.
Although Thomas Dudley was 54 years of age when he landed in New England, he still had a long public career ahead of him. Throughout the rest of his life, he was almost constantly in public office. He was four times elected governor and thirteen times made deputy-governor. When not occupying either of these offices, he was usually to be found in the House as an Assistant. When the Standing Council with the idea of forming a body of members for life, Dudley was one of the three first chosen. When the New England Federation was formed in 1643, Dudley was one of the two commissioners chosen by Massachusetts to confer with those of the other colonies. There is hardly an event in the life of the colony during his own in which he did not act a part.
Thomas Dudley and Simon Bradstreet (both future governors) founded Cambridge in 1631. Thomas, however, lived for many years in Roxbury (now part of Boston). In 1636, he was one of twelve men appointed by the General Court to consider the matter of a college at Newtown (Cambridge) and was one to report favorably on the project. In 1650, as governor, Thomas signed the original charter of the new college, named Harvard College.
Thomas was a strict Puritan and clashed several times with other leaders of the colony. He was known to be very inflexible in his views. Cotton Mather wrote that if Thomas Dudley had been alive at the time of the witchcraft trouble, New England would never have been disgraced by the bloodshed of innocent persons. He was one of the principal founders of the First Church at Boston and in the church now standing at Berkley and Marlborough streets is a tablet with the following inscription:
Thomas Dudley. For Seventeen Years Governor or Deputy Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. As Governor He Signed the Charter of Harvard College. Born in England 1576. Died in Roxbury 1653. A Man of Approved Wisdom and of Much Good Service to the State.
Thomas was evidently as strong in body as he was unyielding in temper and unbreakable in will. Dorothy Dudley died in 1643 and Thomas remarried to Catherine Dighton. By her he had three children, the most noted being Joseph Dudley (1647) the future royal governor of Massachusetts, who was born when the old man was 70 years of age.
Dudley was an able man with marked executive and business ability. His integrity was unimpeachable. His eye, though somewhat religiously jaundiced, was single to the public interest as he saw it. He was something of a scholar and wrote poetry, read in his day, but unreadable in ours. In him, New England Puritanism took on some of its harshest and least pleasant aspects. He often won approval, but never affection. He was positive, dogmatic, austere, prejudiced, unlovable. He dominated by sheer strength of will as a leader in his community. Like many of the others, he was no friend to popular government and a strong believer in autocracy. Opposed to the clergy in one respect, he believed that the state should control even the church and enforce conformity as the superior, and not the handmaid, of the ecclesiastical organization.
Thomas was a thrifty man, who became one of the largest landowners in Roxbury, He was a "trading, money-getting man" and was said to be somewhat hard and "prone to usury." When he died, his property was valued at £1,560 and included bandoleers, corselets, some Latin books, some on law, some that indicate a taste for literature, and many on the doctrines of religion.
On July 31, 1653, Thomas Dudley died at the age of 77 at Roxbury, Massachusetts. There was a great funeral, with the most distinguished citizens as pall bearers. the clergy were present in large numbers. Military units were present with muffled drums and reversed arms. He was buried at Roxbury, near his home, where his tomb may be seen on the highest point of land. His epitaph was written by Rev. Ezekiel Rogers and reads as follows:
In books a Prodigal they say;
A table talker rich in sense;
And witty without wits pretense;
An able champion in debate;
Whose words lacked number but not weight;
Both Catholic and Christian too;
A soldier timely, tried and true;
Condemned to share the common doom;
Reposes here in Dudley's tomb;
(Sarah Studevant Leavitt’s husband, Jeremiah Leavitt II’s, great- great- grandfather, was Joseph Leavitt. His mother was Dorothy Dudley. Her father was Rev. Samuel Dudley whose father was Governor Thomas Dudley. Dorothy Dudley’s mother was Mary Winthrop, her father was John Winthrop.)
John Winthrop,.
Born:
12-Jan-1588
Birthplace: Edwardston, Suffolk, England
Died: 26-Mar-1649
Location of death: Boston, MA
Cause of death: unspecified
Remains: Buried, King's Chapel Burying Ground, Boston, MA
Birthplace: Edwardston, Suffolk, England
Died: 26-Mar-1649
Location of death: Boston, MA
Cause of death: unspecified
Remains: Buried, King's Chapel Burying Ground, Boston, MA
Gender:
Male
Religion: Christian
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Politician,
Religion: Christian
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Politician,
Nationality:
United States
Executive summary: Governor of Massachusetts Colony
Executive summary: Governor of Massachusetts Colony
The Puritan leader and governor of Massachusetts John Winthrop was born in Edwardston, Suffolk, on the 12th of January (old style) 1588, the son of Adam Winthrop of Groton Manor, and Anne (Browne) Winthrop
.
Winthrop’s father was a newly risen country gentleman whose 500-acre (200-hectare) estate, Groton Manor, had been bought from Henry VIII at the time of the Reformation. Winthrop thus belonged to a class—the gentry—that became the dominant force in English society between 1540 and 1640
, and he early assumed the habit of command appropriate to a member of the ruling class in a highly stratified society
In December 1602 he matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge, but he did not graduate. The years after his brief course at the university were devoted to the practice of law, in which he achieved considerable success, being appointed, about 1623, an attorney in the Court of Wards and Liveries, and also being engaged in the drafting of parliamentary bills. Though his residence was at Groton Manor, much of his time was spent in London. Meanwhile he passed through the deep spiritual experiences characteristic of Puritanism, and made wide acquaintance among the leaders of the Puritan party.
Winthrop was granted a charter for the Massachusetts Bay Colony
and arrived with 700 settlers in 1630. He served as governor of
Massachusetts for 12 terms and was considered to be a good leader. However in 1636 he clashed with Roger Williams and was forced to banish from the colony.
One of the settlers,
Anne Hutchinson, began to claim that good conduct could be a sign of salvation and affirmed that the Holy Spirit in the hearts of true believers relieved them of responsibility to obey the laws of God. She also criticised New England ministers for deluding their congregations into the false assumption that good deeds would get them into heaven. Complaints were made about Hutchinson's teachings and Winthrop eventually expelled her from the colony
.
In 1645 Winthrop became the first president of the Confederation of New England. Winthrop's History of New Englandwas published after his death in 1649.
On the 26th of August 1629 he joined in the "Cambridge Agreement", by which he, and his associates, pledged themselves to remove to New England, provided the government and patent of the Massachusetts colony should be removed thither. On the 20th of October following he was chosen governor of the "Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England", and sailed in the "Arbella" in March 1630, reaching Salem Massachusetts on the 12th of June (old style), accompanied by a large party of Puritan immigrants. After a brief sojourn in Charlestown, Winthrop and many of his immediate associates settled in Boston in the autumn of 1630. He shared in the formation of a church at Charlestown (afterwards the First Church in Boston) on the 30th of July 1630, of which he was thenceforth a member. At Boston he erected a large house, and there he lived till his death on the 26th of March (old style.)
Winthrop's history in New England was very largely that of the Massachusetts colony, of which he was twelve times chosen Governor by annual election, serving in 1629-34, 1637-40, in 1642-44, and in 1646-49, and dying in office.
To the service of the colony he gave not merely unwearied devotion; but in its interests consumed strength and fortune. His own temper of mind was conservative and somewhat aristocratic, but he guided political development, often under circumstances of great difficulty, with singular fairness and conspicuous magnanimity. In 1634-5 he was a leader in putting the colony in a state of defense against possible coercion by the English government. He opposed the majority of his fellow-townsmen in the so-called "Antinomian controversy" of 1636-7, taking a strongly conservative attitude towards the questions in dispute. He was the first president of the Commissioners of the United Colonies of New England, organized in 1643. He defended Massachusetts against threatened parliamentary interference once more in 1645-6. That the colony successfully weathered its early perils was due more to Winthrop's skill and wisdom than to the services of any other of its citizens.
Winthrop was four times married. His first wife, to whom he was united on the 16th of April 1605, was Mary Forth, daughter of John Forth, of Great Stambridge, Essex. She bore him six children, of whom the eldest was John Winthrop, Jr. She was buried in Groton on the 26th of June 1615. On the 6th of December 1615 he married Thomasine Clopton, daughter of William Clopton of Castleins, near Groton. She died in childbirth about a year later. He married, on the 29th of April 1618, Margaret Tyndal, daughter of Sir John Tyndal, of Great Maplested, Essex. She followed him to New England in 1631, bore him eight children, and died on the 14th of June 1647. Late in 1647 or early in 1648 he married Mrs. Martha Coytmore, widow of Thomas Coytmore, who survived him, and by whom he had one son.
Winthrop's Journal, an invaluable record of early Massachusetts history, was printed in part in Hartford in 1790; the whole in Boston, edited by James Savage, as The History of New England from 1630 to 1649, in 1825-6, and again in 1853; and in New York, edited by James K. Hosraer, in 1908.
Father:
Adam Winthrop
Mother: Anne Browne
Wife: Mary Forth (m. 26-Apr-1605, d. Jun-1615)
Son:
Mother: Anne Browne
Wife: Mary Forth (m. 26-Apr-1605, d. Jun-1615)
Son:
John Winthrop the Younger (Governor of Connecticut, b. 12-Feb-1606, d. 5-Apr-1676)
Wife: Tomasine Clopton (m. 1615, d. 1616)
Wife: Margaret Tyndall (m. 1618, d. 1647)
Wife: Martha Rainsborough Coytmore (m. 1648)
Wife: Tomasine Clopton (m. 1615, d. 1616)
Wife: Margaret Tyndall (m. 1618, d. 1647)
Wife: Martha Rainsborough Coytmore (m. 1648)
University:
Governor of Massachusetts Colonial (1646-49)
Governor of Massachusetts Colonial (1642-44)
Governor of Massachusetts Colonial (1637-40)
Governor of Massachusetts Colonial (1629-34)National Statuary Hall 1876
Winthrop Family
Governor of Massachusetts Colonial (1642-44)
Governor of Massachusetts Colonial (1637-40)
Governor of Massachusetts Colonial (1629-34)National Statuary Hall 1876
Winthrop Family
Is the subject of books:
Life and Letters of John Winthrop, 1864, BY: Robert C. Winthrop (2 vols.)
John Winthrop, 1891, BY: Joseph H. Twichell
One of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop arrived in 1630 aboard the flagship Arbella. As governor of the Colony, he established the center of government at Boston.
Winthrop began writing his Journal in 1630 and continued it till his death. On board the Arbella, he prepared and delivered his famous sermon "
." In this speech, without using those words, Winthrop introduces the concept of
"For wee must consider that wee shall be as a citty upon a hill. The eies of all people are uppon us."
1588 John Winthrop is born.
1602 Admitted to Trinity College.
1605 Leaves Cambridge; marries Mary Forth.
1613 Studies law at Gray's Inn in London.
1615 Mary Forth dies in June; Winthrop marries Tomasine Clopton.
1616 Tomasine Clopton dies.
1618 Winthrop marries Margaret Tyndall.
1630 Sails for New England; writes first journal entry of Bay Colony; delivers his lay-sermon, "Modell of Christian Charity," aboard the Arbella.
1634 Voted out of the governorship.
1637 Reelected governor.
1640 Voted out of governorship.
1642 Reelected governor.
1645 Stands trial, having been accused for overstepping authority.
1646 Reelected governor and serves until his death.
1647 Margaret Tyndall dies.
1648 Winthrop marries Martha Rainsborough Coytmore.
1649 Winthrop dies in Boston on 26 March.
Antinomians and Familists condemned by the synod of elders in New England: with the proceedings of the magistrates against them, and their apology for the same.
1644.
Republished as A Short Story of the rise, reign, and ruin of the Antinomians, Familists, and libertines. 1644.
A Declaration of Former Passages and Proceedings of Betwixt the English and the Narrowgansets, with Their Confederates, Wherein the Grounds and Justice of the Ensuing Warre are Opened and Cleared.
1645.
A Journal of the Transactions and Occurrences in the Settlement of Massachusetts and the Other New-England Colonies, from the Year 1630 to 1644
. 1790.
Reedited as The History of New England from 1630to 1649, two volumes. Volume 1, 1825. Volume 2, 1826.
Winthrop Papers
, 5 volumes. 1929-1947.
Carpenter, Geoffrey P. A Secondary Annotated Bibliography of John Winthrop, 1588-1649. NY: AMS, 1999.
Colacurcio, Michael J. Godly Letters: The Literature of the American Puritans. Notre Dame, IN: U of Notre Dame P, 2006.
Elliott, Emory. ed. American Colonial Writers 1606-1734. Detroit: Gale, 1984.
Schweitzer, Ivy. Perfecting Friendship: Politics and Affiliation in Early American Literature. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 2006.
Schweninger, Lee. John Winthrop. Boston: Twayne, 1990. F 67 .W79 S39
Wilson, Clyde N. ed. American Historians, 1607-1865. Detroit: Gale, 1984.
Woodward, Walter W. Prospero's America: John Winthrop, Jr., Alchemy, and the Creation of New England Culture, 1606-1676. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina P, 2010.
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The Plymouth Colony
Flagship Mayflower arrives - 1620 Leader - William Bradford Settlers known as Pilgrims and Separatists
"The Mayflower Compact" provides for
social, religious, and economic freedom, while still maintaining ties to Great Britain. |
The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Flagship Arbella arrives - 1630 Leader - John Winthrop Settlers are mostly Puritans or Congregational Puritans
"The Arbella Covenant" clearly establishes
a religious and theocratic settlement, free of ties to Great Britain. |
From The Arbella Covenant or "A Modell of Christian Charity" (1630)
God Almighty in His most holy and wise providence, hath so disposed of the condition of mankind as in all times some must be rich, some poor; some high and eminent in power and dignity, others mean and in subjection. First, to hold conformity with rest of His works, ... Secondly, that He might have the more occasion to manifest the work of His spirit, ... Thirdly, that every man might have need of other, ... All men thus (by divine providence) ranked into two sorts, rich and poor, under the first are comprehended all such as are able to live comfortably by their own means duly improved, and all others are poor, according to the former distribution. There are two rules whereby we are to walk, one toward another; justice and mercy. ... There is likewise a double law by which we are regulated in our conversation, one towards another; in both the former respects, the law of nature and the law of grace, or the moral law of the Gospel. (1) For the persons, we are a company professing ourselves fellow members of Christ; (2) the care of the public must oversway all private respects by which not only conscience but mere civil policy doth bind us; (3) the end is to improve our lives to do more service to the Lord, the comfort and increase of the body of Christ whereof we are members; (4) for the means whereby this must be effected, they are twofold: a conformity with the work and the end we aim at. ... Thus stands the cause between God and us: we are entered into covenant with Him for this work; we have taken out a commission, the Lord hath given us leave to draw our own articles, ... if we shall neglect the observation of these articles ... the Lord will surely break out in wrath against us. ... Therefore, let us choose life, that we, and our seed may live; by obeying. His voice and cleaving to Him, for He is our life and our prosperity.
(John Winthrop is the author of the Covenant)
| |John Winthrop (1588-1649): A Brief Biography
A Student Project by Tyleen Williams
On January 22, 1588, John Winthrop was born in Groton England to a prosperous farming family. Like most young males with money at the time, he was sent away to various schools. At the age of fourteen he went to Trinity College and later went to Cambridge University from 1603-1604. It was at his stay at Cambridge that "a young John Winthrop became deathly ill and had his first religious experience that converted him into the Puritan group within England." (Elliott 354) He later went on to school at Gray's Inn in London during 1613 and studied law.
After his first year at Cambridge, Winthrop moved back home and married Mary Forth in 1605. They had six children and the record of his time with Mary is known through his section of "Experiencia" in 1607-1613 where Winthrop discusses his devotion to the Puritan way of life. Mary Forth, after ten years of marriage, died in 1616. Winthrop married again in 1616 to Thomasine Clopton who died a year later. It is John Winthrop's third wife, Margaret Tyndal, who he spends most of his life with for almost thirty years; she who died in 1647. He would then remarry that same year Martha Rainsboro, even though he still deeply mourned Margaret, due to his Puritan belief that no man was meant to live life alone.
In the 1620s, realizing he had mouths to feed and going through England's economic depression, Winthrop turned to law more and more in London (Baym 101). It was during this period that Winthrop in 1627 was appointed attorney to His Majesty's Court of Ward and Liveries and served also as justice of the peace. All was not well for the Winthrops in 1629; Charles I ascended the throne in England and had very little, if any, patience for the Puritans.
Feelings of discontentment took over and in April 1630 Winthrop and three of his sons set off onboard the Arbella for America with two hundred colonists calling themselves "Massachusetts Bay Company." It was during this time while Winthrop was crossing the Atlantic that he began his writing of A Journal of the Transactions and Occurrences in the Settlement of Massachusetts and the Other New-England Colonies, from the Year 1630 to 1649. It was aboard the Arbella that Winthrop delivered his famous sermon "Christian Charitie. A Modell Hereof." It was this sermon that helped define the power and charisma that would lead Winthrop to become "the first and most important governor of Massachusetts Bay colony." (Wilson 341)
Upon arriving in America, Winthrop became governor establishing the "freemen" who were men who shared governing powers. He dealt with many problems from Indians to the right price for services and other commodities. It was in 1634 that Winthrop had a real problem. Anne Hutchinson preached against the basic principles of the Puritan society. She and her followers were considered not only enemies of Christ but of society. In 1637 Winthrop was reelected as governor and during this same year he tried and banished Anne Hutchinson. Winthrop had very little controversy after that. Some people criticized him for his role in the trial of Anne Hutchinson, but no one took serious notice of these complaints.
John Winthrop was a great political and religious leader for New England at that time. He died in office on March 26, 1649. John Winthrop was never really considered a literary figure. Winthrop wrote his journal not for publication, but for a diary which would later become a important artifact for history. He was more of a historian of the Puritan way of life.
John Winthrop's journal can be broken into two parts. First there are his adventures on board the Arbella and traveling the coast of New England. It tells of their obstacles and how they got through these obstacles through God's guiding hand. Then there is the second part that is not so uplifting but more of a warning to people. Winthrop tells of stories of men and women punished by God in the second part of his journal. Winthrop's journal is widely acclaimed not only during his lifetime but today due to his stories of the Puritan way of life and views of that era.
Works Cited
Baym, Nina, Wayne Franklin, et.al. The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Shorter Fourth Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995.
Elliott, Emory, ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume Twenty-four: American Colonial Writers, 1606-1734. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984.
Wilson, Clyde N., ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume Thirty: American Historians, 1607-1865. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984.
MLA Style Citation of this Web Page:
Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 1: John Winthrop." PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. WWW URL: http://web.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap1/winthrop.html (provide page date or date of your login).
Ralph Hunt of Long Island
,
Ralph Hunt Sr. [2901]: He was born in 1613 in London, London, England,
England, and he died on 26-FEB-1676 in Newtown, Long Island, N.Y., N.Y. He married Elizabeth Ann RALPH HUNT.1652, pioneer at Long Island, first appears on Long Island across the East River from
Manhattan Island in 1652, apparently at that time with a wife and one daughter (ANNA). He
subsequently had four sons (Edward, Ralph, John, Samuel) and a daughter Mary b. on Long Island, identified in his will of Jan 1676/7, administration granted to his son Edward 25 Feb 1676/7.
Most of his children and grandchildren were pioneer settlers at Maidenhead (Lawrence) and Hopewell
Townships, NJ, in the years around 1700 and from there many descendants became explorers and
traders along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, NC,KY, TN, IA, IL, MS, OK, and across the plains to
Utah, California, Oregon and Washington. There has been nothing to indicate that any of this family
ever settled in Vermont or elsewhere in New England, although a few moved up the Delaware River and into Western New York State in the 19th century. However, Ralph Hunt of LI produced a prolific line of Hunts which had many outstanding people of National significance in the development of the U.S.
It is well at this point to point out many of the errors which appear in histories and genealogies
respect to Ralph Hunt and his descendants for several generations, errors which have continued to
appear in publications up to and through the mid 1900s.
Ralph Hunt has variously been reported (erroneously) as a brother or son of the pioneer Thomas Hunt
of Westchester, NY; also as the same Ralph Hunt who appears in Virginia in 1635 (also untrue--a 1955
study which claims to have demonstrated that the two were the same produces evidence to the
contrary). Various dates are given for his birth (all incorrect) and statements are made purporting
to give the name of his wife (it remains unknown). He is assumed to have come from England (probably
true) but extensive contemporary research in early New York records and records in England by a
group of dedicated descendants in person and through professional genealogists in New York area and
England have failed to come up with any clue as to where he came from or who his ancestors were.
His grandson John Hunt (with brothers Samuel, Edward, Ralph--the four sons of the pioneer Ralph's
son John) were early settlers in Hopewell NJ, where they are mixed in with various uncles and
cousins with similar names. A pervasive legend was started in the mid-1800s that the grandson John
Hunt (who married Margaret Moore 8 Feb 1714 at the Presby. Church of Newtown, LI, and settled in
Hopewell NJ) was not a descendant of Ralph Hunt and relative of many other Hunts of Hopewell, but a
son of John and Elizabeth (Chudleigh) Hunt of an armorial family of Hunts of Chudleigh, the son
presumed to have come briefly to Long Island, and then moved Hopewell, NJ where he was "the start
of the New Jersey Line of Hunts." This legend , questionable on its face, has been subject of
controversy for over 100 years and appears in numerous histories and genealogical works. It should
finally be laid to rest by the direct documentary evidence found through the wills (two of them) of
John's brother Samuel Hunt of Hopewell NJ which identify the John Hunt who married Margaret Moor(e) , as the son of John Hunt of LI and grandson of the pioneer Ralph Hunt. This is not to say that the various errors discovered on Ralph Hunt will not continue to be perpetuated--they are found in numerous published works through the mid 20th century; some lists of early Hunts who migrated from England to America include John Hunt who m. Margaret Moore in the list; some professional genealogists in England fed back answers to inquiries giving the same information: all springing from the same fabricated legend.
Early settlers
Edward Jessup, Ralph Hunt of Long Island, John Thompson
Ralph Hunt Sr. [2901]: He was born in 1613 in London, London, England,
England, and he died on 26-FEB-1676 in Newtown, Long Island, N.Y., N.Y. He married Elizabeth Ann RALPH HUNT.1652, pioneer at Long Island, first appears on Long Island across the East River from
Manhattan Island in 1652, apparently at that time with a wife and one daughter (ANNA). He
subsequently had four sons (Edward, Ralph, John, Samuel) and a daughter Mary b. on Long Island,
identified in his will of Jan 1676/7, administration granted to his son Edward 25 Feb 1676/7.
Most of his children and grandchildren were pioneer settlers at Maidenhead (Lawrence) and Hopewell
Townships, NJ, in the years around 1700 and from there many descendants became explorers and
traders along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, NC,KY, TN, IA, IL, MS, OK, and across the plains to
Utah, California, Oregon and Washington. There has been nothing to indicate that any of this family
ever settled in Vermont or elsewhere in New England, although a few moved up the Delaware River and
into Western New York State in the 19th century. However, Ralph Hunt of LI produced a prolific line
of Hunts which had many outstanding people of National significance in the development of the U.S.
It is well at this point to point out many of the errors which appear in histories and genealogies
respect to Ralph Hunt and his descendants for several generations, errors which have continued to
appear in publications up to and through the mid 1900s.
Ralph Hunt has variously been reported (erroneously) as a brother or son of the pioneer Thomas Hunt
of Westchester, NY; also as the same Ralph Hunt who appears in Virginia in 1635 (also untrue--a 1955
study which claims to have demonstrated that the two were the same produces evidence to the
contrary). Various dates are given for his birth (all incorrect) and statements are made purporting
to give the name of his wife (it remains unknown). He is assumed to have come from England (probably
true) but extensive contemporary research in early New York records and records in England by a
group of dedicated descendants in person and through professional genealogists in New York area and
England have failed to come up with any clue as to where he came from or who his ancestors were.
His grandson John Hunt (with brothers Samuel, Edward, Ralph--the four sons of the pioneer Ralph's
son John) were early settlers in Hopewell NJ, where they are mixed in with various uncles and
cousins with similar names. A pervasive legend was started in the mid-1800s that the grandson John
Hunt (who married Margaret Moore 8 Feb 1714 at the Presby. Church of Newtown, LI, and settled in
Hopewell NJ) was not a descendant of Ralph Hunt and relative of many other Hunts of Hopewell, but a
son of John and Elizabeth (Chudleigh) Hunt of an armorial family of Hunts of Chudleigh, the son
presumed to have come briefly to Long Island, and then moved Hopewell, NJ where he was "the start
of the New Jersey Line of Hunts." This legend , questionable on its face, has been subject of
controversy for over 100 years and appears in numerous histories and genealogical works. It should
finally be laid to rest by the direct documentary evidence found through the wills (two of them) of
John's brother Samuel Hunt of Hopewell NJ which identify the John Hunt who married Margaret Moor(e) , as the son of John Hunt of LI and grandson of the pioneer Ralph Hunt. This is not to say that the various errors discovered on Ralph Hunt will not continue to be perpetuated--they are found in
numerous published works through the mid 20th century; some lists of early Hunts who migrated from
England to America include John Hunt who m. Margaret Moore in the list; some professional
genealogists in England fed back answers to inquiries giving the same information: all springing
from the same fabricated legend."
Jessop [13461] on 1652 in
